| Apollo | Human spaceflight | NASA | 1961 | 17 | 1972 | Lunar landing and exploration | Completed | 6 successful Moon landings (Apollo 11–17 | except Apollo 13) | |
| Soyuz | Human spaceflight | Roscosmos (formerly Soviet space program) | 1967 | 150+ | Ongoing | Low Earth Orbit / ISS | Active | Longest-running human spaceflight programme | | |
| Shenzhou | Human spaceflight | CNSA (China) | 2003 | 14+ | Ongoing | Low Earth Orbit / Tiangong station | Active | China's crewed spaceflight program | | |
| Artemis | Human spaceflight | NASA | 2022 (planned) | Ongoing | | Lunar exploration | precursor to Mars missions | Active | Aims to return humans to the Moon | |
| Chang’e | Robotic lunar exploration | CNSA (China) | 2007 | 7+ | Ongoing | Lunar orbit | landings | and sample return | Active | First far-side landing (Chang’e 4) |
| Mars Exploration Rovers | Robotic rover | NASA | 2003 | 2 | 2018 | Mars surface exploration | Completed | Spirit and Opportunity rovers | | |
| Venera | Robotic probe | Soviet Union | 1961 | 16 | 1984 | Venus orbit and surface | Completed | First successful landing on another planet (Venera 7) | | |
| James Webb Space Telescope | Space telescope | NASA / ESA / CSA | 2021 | 1 | Ongoing | Infrared astronomy from Sun–Earth L2 | Active | Successor to Hubble | | |
| BepiColombo | Planetary exploration | ESA / JAXA | 2018 | 1 | 2025 (planned) | Mercury orbit insertion | Active | Joint mission to study Mercury | | |
| JUICE | Planetary exploration | ESA | 2023 | 1 | 2031 (planned) | Jupiter's icy moons exploration | Active | JUpiter ICy moons Explorer | | |
| Rosetta | Comet exploration | ESA | 2004 | 1 | 2016 | Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko study | Completed | First mission to land on a comet | | |
| Hayabusa2 | Asteroid sample return | JAXA (Japan) | 2014 | 1 | 2020 | Asteroid Ryugu sample return | Completed | Successfully returned samples to Earth | | |
| Chandrayaan | Lunar exploration | ISRO (India) | 2008 | 2 | Ongoing | Lunar orbit and surface exploration | Active | Chandrayaan-2 orbiter still operational | | |
| Gaganyaan | Human spaceflight | ISRO (India) | 2023 (planned) | 1 | | India's first crewed mission | Planned | Aims to send Indian astronauts to space | | |
